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1.
Rev. biol. trop ; 67(1): 213-223, Jan.-Mar. 2019. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1041905

ABSTRACT

Resumen Los mares ocupan aproximadamente tres cuartas partes de la tierra constituyendo el hábitat de una gran cantidad de especies de flora y fauna. Como parte de los organismos marinos, los phylum bioquímicamente más estudiados son Porífera, Cnidaria y más recientemente Ascomycota, de todos ellos se han aislado e identificado un gran número de compuestos químicos, los cuales han mostrado diferentes tipos de actividades biológicas, principalmente citotóxica, bactericida y antioxidante, entre otras. En esta investigación se estudió la esponja marina Iotrochota birotulata recolectada en Punta Bello-Córdoba en el Caribe colombiano lográndose determinar su perfil lipídico a partir del análisis de los correspondientes espectros de masas de sus compuestos constituyentes, fueron identificados 19 ácidos grasos, los cuales son reportados por primera vez para esta especie. Además fueron identificados 10 esteroles. Se encontraron ácidos grasos con cadenas carbonadas entre C15 y C27, mostrando una amplia diversidad estructural lo cual es característico del phylum porífera. En cuanto a los esteroles se encontraron estructuras principalmente con núcleos Δ5 y Δ7 que son los más abundantes en las esponjas. Se encontró moderada actividad antioxidante en la estabilización del catión radical ABTS+• y baja actividad en la estabilización del radical DPPH•, el mayor valor de inhibición se encontró en el extracto acuoso con un valor de IC50 de 43.9 µg/ml frente al catión radical ABTS+•, mostrando que I. birotulata puede producir compuestos con moderada actividad antioxidante. En el ensayo de actividad insecticida, se encontró afectación larval en los extractos metanólico y acuoso en todas las concentraciones y en todos los tiempos de exposición evaluados frente a Spodoptera frugiperda, también se determinó que estos extractos inducen un efecto antialimentario en las larvas como parte del mecanismo insecticida. Se determinaron las condiciones y los tiempos de exposición óptimos para la mejor eficiencia del ensayo, las cuales fueron de 3 000 µg/ml y 48 h para el extracto metanólico y 2 000 µg/ml y 24 h para el extracto acuoso, respectivamente. En conclusión, los extractos evaluados de I. birotulata mostraron moderada actividad antioxidante y buenas e interesantes actividades insecticida y antialimentaria.(AU)


Abstract It is estimated that three quarters of earth´s surface is occupied by the oceans. This constitutes the habitat of a large number of species of flora and fauna. As part of the marine organisms, the most studied biochemical phylum are Porifera, Cnidaria and more recently Ascomycota, from which a large number of chemical compounds have been isolated and identified. These have shown different types of biological activities, mainly cytotoxic, bactericidal and antioxidant. In this research the marine sponge Iotrochota birotulata collected in Punta Bello-Córdoba in the Colombian Caribbean was studied, and its lipid profile from the analysis of the corresponding mass spectra of its constituent compounds was determined, 19 fatty acids were identified, which are reported for the first time for this specie, besides 10 sterols were identified. Fatty acids with carbon chains between C15 and C27 were found, showing a wide structural diversity, which is characteristic of the porifera phylum. The sterols showed structures mainly with nucleus Δ5 and Δ7, which are the most abundant in sponges. Moderate antioxidant activity was found in the stabilization of the radical cation ABTS+• and low activity in the stabilization of the radical DPPH•, the highest inhibition value was found in the aqueous extract with an IC50 de 43.9 µg/ml against the radical cation ABTS+•, showing that I. birotulata can produce compounds with moderate antioxidant activity. In the insecticidal activity test, larval affectation was found in methanolic and aqueous extracts at all concentrations and at all times of exposure evaluated against Spodoptera frugiperda, it was also determined that these extracts induce an antifeedant effect on the larvae as part of the mechanism insecticide. The optimal conditions and exposure times were determined for the best efficiency of the assay, which were 3 000 µg/ml and 48 h for the methanolic extract and 2 000 µg/ml and 24 h for the aqueous extract, respectively. In conclusion, the evaluated extracts of the I. birotulata showed moderate antioxidant activity and good and interesting insecticidal and antifeedant activities.(AU)


Subject(s)
Marine Fauna/analysis , Spodoptera , Lipid Metabolism , Fatty Acids , Antioxidant Response Elements , Colombia
2.
Rev. biol. trop ; 66(2): 776-787, abr.-jun. 2018. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, SaludCR | ID: biblio-977344

ABSTRACT

Resumen Holothuria grisea, a pesar de no ser considerado un recurso comercial, ha sido objeto de extracciones ilegales en Colombia, hecho que se vuelve más grave debido al vació de información biológica de estos organismos. Por esta razón, se estimó la densidad poblacional y estructura de talla de H. grisea en tres sectores del sur del golfo de Morrosquillo de abril a noviembre 2015. Para ello, se ubicaron mensualmente tres transectos circulares en cada sector de muestreo abarcando un área de 300 m2, donde se contabilizaron y midieron in situ los individuos encontrados. La densidad media de H. grisea en el área estudiada fue 0.4 ind m-2, presentándose los mayores valores en el sector La Ahumadera (1.09 ± 0.11 ind m-2) y los menores valores en el Banco de Arena (0.02 ± 0.004 ind m-2). El análisis de varianza señalo una diferencia significativa en los valores de densidad y talla de H. grisea en los sectores estudiados. La especie presentó una distribución de tallas unimodal, registrándose una talla promedio de 13.5 ± 0.91 cm con una talla mínima de 2.5 y una máxima de 30 cm, en general las tallas intermedias presentaron una mayor representatividad a lo largo de este estudio (77.2 %). Los aspectos biológicos presentados en este documento son de gran importancia para la conservación de esta especie y corresponde a un avance en el conocimiento de la clase Holothuroidea en el Caribe Colombiano.


Abstract Holothuria grisea, despite not being considered a commercial resource has been the subject of illegal extractions in Colombia, a fact that becomes more serious due to the empty of biological information of these organisms. For this reason the density population and size structure of H. grisea were evaluated in three sectors south of the gulf of Morrosquillo from April to November 2015. To this end, three circular transects were located each month in each sampling site covering an area of 300 m2, where individuals were counted and measured in situ. The average density of H. grisea in the study area was 0.4 ind m-2, with the highest values in the La Ahumadera (1.09 ± 0.11 ind m-2) and the lowest values in Banco de Arena (0.02 ± 0.004 ind m-2). The analysis of variance showed a significance in the values of density and size of H. grisea in the studied sectors. The species presented a unimodal distribution of sizes with an average size of 13.5 ± 0.9 cm with a minimum size of 2.5 and a maximum of 30 cm, intermediate sizes generally showed a higher representativeness throughout this study (77.2 %). The biological aspects presented in this paper are of great importance for the conservation of this species and corresponds to an advance in the knowledge of the Holothuroidea class in the Colombian Caribbean. Rev. Biol. Trop. 66(2): 776-787. Epub 2018 June 01.


Subject(s)
Animals , Sea Cucumbers/growth & development , Marine Fauna/analysis , Population Density , Invertebrates , Colombia , Holothuria/anatomy & histology
3.
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-954807

ABSTRACT

Viruses exhibit rapid mutational capacity to trick and infect host cells, sometimes assisted through virus-coded peptides that counteract host cellular immune defense. Although a large number of compounds have been identified as inhibiting various viral infections and disease progression, it is urgent to achieve the discovery of more effective agents. Furthermore, proportionally to the great variety of diseases caused by viruses, very few viral vaccines are available, and not all are efficient. Thus, new antiviral substances obtained from natural products have been prospected, including those derived from venomous animals. Venoms are complex mixtures of hundreds of molecules, mostly peptides, that present a large array of biological activities and evolved to putatively target the biochemical machinery of different pathogens or host cellular structures. In addition, non-venomous compounds, such as some body fluids of invertebrate organisms, exhibit antiviral activity. This review provides a panorama of peptides described from animal venoms that present antiviral activity, thereby reinforcing them as important tools for the development of new therapeutic drugs.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Antiviral Agents , Peptides , Poisons , Biological Products , Marine Fauna/analysis
4.
Rev. biol. trop ; 63(supl.1): 395-406, abr. 2015. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, SaludCR | ID: biblio-958150

ABSTRACT

Resumen Golfo Dulce es un estuario en forma de fiordo, localizado en el Pacífico Sur de Costa Rica. Este ecosistema marino-costero contiene una importante biodiversidad marina que incluye cetáceos. Este estudio describe la estructura de la comunidad de cetáceos en Golfo Dulce, sustentado en la diversidad de hábitats. Datos sobre avistamientos colectados en muestreos periódicos sistemáticos, han resultado en 943 registros (2005-2014≈3 490h≈64 533km) de siete especies de la familia Delphinidae, una Balaenopteridae y una especie de la familia Kogiidae. Se observa un gradiente en la diversidad de cetáceos desde la cuenca interna de Golfo Dulce hasta la zona de transición- oceánica en la entrada al Golfo. La dominancia se establece por la forma costera del delfín nariz de botella y el delfín manchado en la cuenca interna, mientras que T. truncatus junto con ballenas jorobadas migrantes ejercen la dominancia en el área del Umbral. El área transicional oceánica sostiene la mayor diversidad, dominada por especies de delfínidos de naturaleza piscívora, incluyendo la forma oceánica del delfín nariz de botella y la subespecie "Centroamericana" del delfín tornillo. Nosotros proponemos la hipótesis de una forma potencial particular del delfín manchado pantropical para Golfo Dulce, en contraste con S. attenuatta graffmani en aguas abiertas costeras del Pacífico Costarricense. El patrón de la estructura comunitaria de cetáceos se establece por la dinámica en uso de área por las especies presentes, lo cual debería ser considerado para el diseño de estrategias de manejo y conservación.


Abstract Golfo Dulce is a fiord-lilke embayment located in the southern Pacific of Costa Rica, this coastal-marine ecosystem harbors an important wealth in marine biodiversity, including cetaceans. In this study we describe the cetacean community of Golfo Dulce, in relation to the diversity of habitats constituting the seascape. Sighting data collected in periodic systematic surveys has yielded 943 records (2005-2014≈3 490h≈64 533km), of 12 species of cetaceans. A gradient of cetacean diversity is observed from the inner basin to the transitional-oceanic area at the entrance of the Gulf, with coastal bottlenose dolphin and spotted dolphin dominating the inner basin, and bottlenose dolphins and migratory humpback whales the sill area. Transitional oceanic habitat holds the greatest species diversity dominated by oceanic species, particularly piscivorous delphinids, including the off-shore form of bottlenose dolphins and the "Central American" spinner dolphin. We hypothesize the potential occurrence of a morphotype of pantropical spotted dolphins within Golfo Dulce, in contrast with S. attenuatta graffmani outside in open Pacific coastal waters. The pattern of cetacean community structure is established by the dynamic of area use by the species, which should be considered for the establishment of management and conservation strategies. Rev. Biol. Trop. 63 (2): 395-406. Epub 2015 June 01.


Subject(s)
Animals , Marine Fauna/analysis , Cetacea/classification , Dolphins/classification , Stenella/classification , Humpback Whale/classification , Costa Rica
5.
Neotrop. ichthyol ; 13(1): 53-60, Jan-Mar/2015. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-744501

ABSTRACT

A new species of Barathronus (Ophidiiformes: Aphyonidae) is described from a single, mature male specimen (101 mm SL) bottom trawled on the continental slope of Rio Grande do Norte, northeastern Brazil, between 1,964 and 2,045 m depth. The new species is diagnosed among congeners by the following combination of characters: peritoneum transparent, deep-set eyes not visible, eight fangs on vomer, anal fin rays 69, predorsal length 42.0% SL, preanal length 49.5% SL, penis long, slender, and lacking a pair of lobes at its base, and presence of a ventral flexure of the anterior 2-3 vertebrae. Additionally, morphological data of three specimens of Barathronus bicolor collected in Brazilian waters are presented and compared with those from 51 specimens from the western Central Atlantic.


Uma nova espécie de Barathronus (Ophidiiformes: Aphyonidae) é descrita a partir de um único exemplar macho (101 mm CP) coletado com arrasto de fundo no talude continental do Rio Grande do Norte, nordeste do Brasil, entre 1.964 e 2.045 m de profundidade. A espécie nova é diagnosticada entre as congêneres pela seguinte combinação de caracteres: peritônio transparente, olhos alojados profundamente e não distinguíveis, oito presas no vômer, nadadeira anal com 69 raios, comprimento pré-dorsal 42,0% CP, comprimento pré-anal 49,5% CP, pênis longo, afilado e sem um par de lobos em sua base, e presença de flexão ventral nas 2-3 vértebras anteriores. Adicionalmente, dados morfológicos dos três espécimes de Barathronus bicolor coletados em águas brasileiras são apresentados e comparados com aqueles de 51 espécimes do Atlântico Central ocidental.


Subject(s)
Animals , Marine Fauna/analysis , Fishes/classification , Species Specificity
6.
Neotrop. ichthyol ; 12(1): 165-175, Jan-Mar/2014. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-709829

ABSTRACT

A comparative study involving three mesotidal beaches from reflective to estuarine states was conducted between October 2010 and September 2011 in the estuary of Mamanguape River, northeastern Brazil. The aim was to test for differences in fish assemblages along a morphodynamic continuum, particularly the effects of wave action. In total, 3,732 fish from 71 species were examined; Rhinosardinia bahiensis and Atherinella brasiliensis dominated the estuarine beach, whereas Trachinotus carolinus dominated the reflective beach. Fish assemblages were structured by spatial differences among the sites, and overall abundance, richness and biomass demonstrated a clear increasing trend from the reflective to the estuarine beaches, indicating a primary influence of wave exposure in the measured parameters. The Mamanguape River estuary plays a crucial ecological role as a nursery for several species that depend on its resources and have adapted to the high variability of its physical and chemical factors and the diversity of its habitats. Um estudo comparativo envolvendo três praias mesotidais do estado refletivo para o estuarino foi realizado entre outubro de 2010 e setembro de 2011 no estuário do rio Mamanguape, Nordeste do Brasil. O objetivo foi testar as diferenças nas assembleias de peixes ao longo de um continuum morfodinâmico, particularmente os efeitos da ação das ondas. No total, 3.732 peixes de 71 espécies foram examinados; Rhinosardinia bahiensis e Atherinella brasiliensis dominaram a praia estuarina, enquanto Trachinotus carolinus dominou a praia refletiva. As assembleias de peixes foram estruturadas por diferenças espaciais entre locais de amostragem, e a abundância total, riqueza e biomassa demonstraram uma clara tendência crescente da praia refletiva à praia estuarina, indicando uma influência primária de exposição às ondas nos parâmetros medidos. O estuário do rio Mamanguape desempenha um papel ecológico importante como um berçário para várias espécies que dependem de seus recursos e se adaptaram à alta variabilidade de seus fatores físico-químicos e da diversidade de seus habitats.


Subject(s)
Animals , Bathing Beaches , Marine Fauna/analysis , Fishes/classification
7.
Rev. biol. trop ; 62(supl.1): 373-390, feb. 2014. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, SaludCR | ID: lil-753747

ABSTRACT

The ecology of tidepool fishes has been extensively investigated worldwide over the past 40 years. As in many other ecological fields, studies in temperate zones outnumber studies carried out in tropical areas. Here, we document the short-term spatio-temporal variation of a tidepool fish assemblage from the Tropical Eastern Pacific (Gorgona Island, Colombia), compare our data with previous surveys made in 1993 and provide the first latitudinal comparison of tidepool fish assemblages in the Eastern Pacific coast (43°N to 36°S). During April-July 2006, monthly samplings were carried in 18 tidepools located at three sites this Island. A relatively species-rich tidepool fish assemblage (53 species) was found at Gorgona Island. Labrisomidae, Gobiidae and Gobiesocidae were the dominant resident components of this assemblage, whereas Pomacentridae, Muraenidae and Labridae constituted the transient component. Although the same dominant species were observed in surveys from 1993 and 2006, suggesting a high persistence of this assemblage over time, clear differences in the relative abundance of some species were also detected. These differences were partly the result of using different sampling methodologies (rotenone vs clove oil). Comparisons with other studies performed in tropical and temperate areas of the Eastern Pacific coast indicate a clear latitudinal pattern in the composition of these assemblages that correspond to well-documented biogeographic subdivisions of the marine fauna in this region. Further investigation of the ecological role that tidepool fishes play in rocky intertidal and subtidal areas of Gorgona Island and the whole Tropical Eastern Pacific region will benefit our understanding of the functioning of these important coastal ecosystems. Rev. Biol. Trop. 62 (Suppl. 1): 373-390. Epub 2014 February 01.


A nivel mundial, la ecología de peces de charcos intermareales ha sido ampliamente investigada durante los últimos 40 años, especialmente en zonas templadas. En este trabajo, se documenta la variación espacio-temporal en corta escala de un ensamblaje de peces de charcos intermareales en el Pacífico Oriental Tropical (Isla Gorgona, Colombia), y se comparan nuestros resultados, con los resultados obtenidos durante muestreos realizados en la misma localidad en 1993. Además se realiza la primera comparación latitudinal de estos ensamblajes para la costa oriental del Océano Pacífico (43°N a 36°S). Durante abril a junio de 2006, se realizaron muestreos mensuales en 18 charcos intermareales distribuidos en tres localidades de Isla Gorgona, estableciendo un ensamblaje de peces de charcos intermareales con una alta riqueza de especies (53 especies). Labrisomidae, Gobiidae and Gobiesocidae fueron los componentes residentes dominantes en el ensamblaje, mientras que Pomacentridae, Muraenidae and Labridae fueron los componentes transitorios. Aunque el registro de las mismas especies dominantes en 1993 y 2006 sustenta la idea de una alta persistencia temporal de este ensamblaje, se detectaron diferencias significativas en la abundancia relativa de las especies. Estas diferencias podrían ser el resultado de las diferentes técnicas de captura utilizadas durante 1993 y 2006 (rotenona vs aceite de clavo). Al comparar los estudios sobre peces intermareales realizados en la zona tropical y zona templada de la costa oriental del Océano Pacífico, se identificó un claro patrón latitudinal en la composición de los ensamblajes, que es consecuente con la ampliamente documentada subdivisión biogeográfica de la fauna marina de esta región. Para comprender el funcionamiento de los ecosistemas costeros del Pacífico Oriental tropical, es necesario que futuros esfuerzos de investigación se encaminen a conocer el papel ecológico de los peces intermareales en esta región.


Subject(s)
Marine Fauna/analysis , Wetlands , Spatio-Temporal Analysis , Fishes/classification , Colombia
8.
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1484520

ABSTRACT

Stingrays are a group of rays – cartilaginous fish related to sharks – that have whiplike tails with barbed, usually venomous spines and are found around the world, especially the marine species. Despite recent reports of accidents involving these fish, they are not aggressive, reacting only when stepped on or improperly handled. Injuries by stingrays are seldom mentioned by historians, although they have always been present in riverine communities of inland waters and in South American coasts. Indeed, envenomations by stingrays are quite common in freshwater and marine fishing communities. Although having high morbidity, such injuries are neglected because they have low lethality and usually occur in remote areas, which favor the use of folk remedies. In the present review article, historical aspects of injuries caused by stingrays in Brazil and their distribution on the coast of São Paulo state and riverine communities of the North, Midwest and Southeast regions were studied. In addition, other aspects were analyzed such as clinical features, therapeutic methods, preventive measures and trends in occurrence of these accidents in the country, particularly in areas in which freshwater stingrays had not been previously registered, being introduced after breaching of natural barriers.


Subject(s)
Animals , Wounds and Injuries/metabolism , Poisoning/mortality , Mortality , Skates, Fish/classification , Animals, Poisonous , Marine Fauna/analysis
9.
Rev. biol. trop ; 60(supl.3): 303-319, nov. 2012. ilus, graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS, SaludCR | ID: lil-672098

ABSTRACT

The deepwater faunas of oceanic islands and seamounts of the Eastern Tropical Pacific are poorly known. From 11-22 September 2009, we conducted an exploration of the deepwater areas around Isla del Coco National Park and Las Gemelas Seamount, located about 50km southwest of Isla del Coco, Costa Rica using a manned submersible to survey the seafloor habitats. The goal of the exploration was to characterize the habitats and biota, and conduct quantitative surveys of the deepwater portions of Isla del Coco National Park and Las Gemelas. We completed a total of 22 successful submersible dives, spanning more than 80hr underwater, and collected a total of 36hr of video. With respect to invertebrates, our objectives were to gather quantitative information on species composition, density, distribution and habitat associations as well as to compare the invertebrate communities between the two sites. A total of 7 172 invertebrates were counted from analysis of the video collected on this project. Larger organisms were counted and placed into 27 taxonomic groups to characterize the deepwater invertebrate fauna of Las Gemelas Seamount and Isla del Coco National Park. The Shannon-Weiner Index for biodiversity (H’) was calculated to be 0.14 ± 0.02 for Isla del Coco and 0.07 ± 0.03 for Las Gemelas surveys. Although richness was fairly equal between the two sites, evenness was greater at Isla del Coco (J = 0.04 ± 0.006) when compared to Las Gemelas (J = 0.02 ± 0.01). This lower level of evenness in the community at Las Gemelas was a result of high densities of a few dominant species groups, specifically sea urchins and black corals. We also evaluated invertebrate percent cover at both Isla del Coco and Las Gemelas Seamount with respect to habitat type, slope and rugosity. Results indicated that highly rugose habitats contained the highest frequencies of all invertebrates at both sites, with the exception of glass sponges and polychaetes at Isla del Coco, which were found in greater quantities at intermediate levels of rugosity. Information obtained from these submersible surveys indicate that seamounts in the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean may be an important source of biodiversity and that more quantitative surveys are needed to characterize the fauna of the region.


La fauna de aguas profundas de islas oceánicas y de montes submarinos del Pacífico Tropical Oriental son muy poco conocidas. Para caracterizar las faunas de aguas profundas del Parque Nacional Isla del Coco y el Monte Submarino Las Gemelas, Costa Rica, llevamos a cabo un estudio cuantitativo de los hábitats y su fauna. Se tomaron videos de transectos desde un sumergible entre 50 y 402m de profundidad del 11 al 22 de setiembre 2009. Se recolectó información cuantitativa de la composición de especies de invertebrados, densidad, distribución y hábitats asociados en ambas localidades y se comparó. Se contaron 7,172 invertebrados en los videos analizados, y se ubicaron en 27 categorías taxonómicas. El Índice de Shannon-Weiner (H’) fue de 0.14 ± 0.02 para la Isla del Coco y 0.07 ± 0.03 para Las Gemelas. La riqueza fue parecida en ambos sitios pero la equitabilidad fue mayor en la Isla del Coco (J = 0.04 ± 0.006) comparado con Las Gemelas (J = 0.02 ± 0.01). Este menor nivel de equitabilidad en Las gemelas de debió a la alta densidad de unos pocos grupos dominantes, específicamente erizos de mar y coral negro. También evaluamos el porcentaje de cobertura de los invertebrados con respecto a tipo de hábitat, pendiente y rugosidad del sustrato. Los resultados indican que hábitats con alta rugosidad contiene más invertebrados en ambos sitios, excepto la esponjas silíceas y los poliquetos en la Isla del Coco, que se encontraron en mayor cantidad en niveles intermedios de rugosidad. La información obtenida con este estudio indican que los montes submarinos en el Pacífico Tropical Oriental pueden ser una fuente importante de biodiversidad y que se necesitan más estudios cuantitativos para caracterizar la fauna de la región.


Subject(s)
Pacific Islands , Marine Fauna/analysis , Biodiversity , Invertebrates/classification , Sampling Studies , Costa Rica
10.
Biota neotrop. (Online, Ed. port.) ; 8(3): 31-39, jul.-set. 2008. ilus, graf, mapas
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-500483

ABSTRACT

Los cirrípedos son animales característicos y abundantes en la región intermareal de los ambientes marinos y estuarinos de todo el mundo, pero son poco conocidos en las áreas de manglares tropicales. El presente estudio fue realizado con el objetivo de conocer las especies de cirrípedos en el estuario del Río Paripe (Pernambuco - Brasil), señalando algunas características de su distribución a lo largo del estuario. En la estación de estiaje de 2006, los animales fueron colectados en tres estaciones del estuario, en todos los substratos duros disponibles, observando su distribución vertical en los mismos. En la estación polihalina (salinidades variando de 28,7 hasta 36,1), se encontraron ocho especies: Amphibalanus amphitrite, A. improvisus, A. reticulatus, A. venustus, Chthamalus proteus, C. bisinuatus, Microeuraphia rhizophorae y Striatobalanus amaryllis. Las especies clasificadas como eurihalinas, encontradas hasta la región mesohalina del estuario (salinidades variando de 10,8 hasta 19,6) fueran: Amphibalanus amphitrite, A. improvisus, A. reticulatus, Chthamalus proteus y Microeuraphia rhizophorae, mientras que en la región oligohalina (salinidades variando de 0,2 hasta 5,2), solamente M. rhizophorae estuvo presente, sendo por tanto, clasificada como componente estuarino. Una zonación horizontal de especies de cirrípedos fue claramente observada a partir de la desembocadura hasta al montante del río, con disminución gradual del número de especies y fue confirmado su padrón de distribución vertical en relación a las alturas de mareas, observadas las respectivas valencias ecológicas. Las especies exóticas introducidas en Brasil, Amphibalanus reticulatus y Striatobalanus amaryllis, estaban bien adaptadas en los substratos naturales y artificiales del estuario.


Barnacles are animals characteristic and abundant of intertidal region on marine and estuarine environments worldwide, but they are little known in the areas of tropical mangroves. This study was done with the aim to know the barnacles' species of the estuary of the Paripe River (Pernambuco, Brazil), indicating some characteristics of its distribution throughout the estuary. In dry season of 2006, the animals were collected in three stations of the estuary, in all hard substrata available, observing their vertical distribution. In polihaline station (salinities varying from 28.7 to 36.1), it was found eight species: Amphibalanus amphitrite, A. improvisus, A. reticulatus, A. venustus, Chthamalus proteus, C. bisinuatus, Microeuraphia rhizophorae and Striatobalanus amaryllis. The species classified as euryhaline, found until the mesohaline region of the estuary (salinities varying from 10.8 to 19.6) were: Amphibalanus amphitrite, A. improvisus, A. reticulatus, Chthamalus proteus and Microeuraphia rhizophorae, whereas in the oligohaline region (salinities varying from 0.2 to 5.2), only M. rhizophorae was present, being classified as estuarine component. A horizontal zonation of species of barnacles was clearly observed from the mouth until the upstream, with gradual decrease of number of species and it was confirmed their pattern of vertical distribution in relation to the height of tides, according with its respective ecological valences. The introduced exotic species in Brazil, Amphibalanus reticulatus and Striatobalanus amaryllis, were well adapted on natural and artificial substrata of the estuary.


Subject(s)
Classification , Coasts , Crustacea/classification , Crustacea/growth & development , Data Collection , Marine Fauna/analysis , Ecosystem/analysis
11.
Biota neotrop. (Online, Ed. port.) ; 8(3): 135-140, jul.-set. 2008. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-500493

ABSTRACT

Os Tintinnina que ocorrem em águas próximas ao Atol das Rocas e Arquipélago de Fernando de Noronha (Nordeste do Brasil) foram estudados usando amostras de plâncton coletadas entre 13 e 30 de março de 1999 em 27 estações oceânicas. O estudo procurou caracterizar a distribuição espacial desses ciliados na área e examinar parâmetros como a diversidade e eqüitabilidade que definem a estrutura da comunidade. O material foi coletado por arrastos verticais desde 200 m de profundidade até a superfície, usando uma rede de plâncton de 20 µm de abertura de malhas, preservado em formol neutro a 4 por cento, e examinado em um microscópio invertido. A maior densidade de indivíduos foi encontrada na estação 26 (122 ind.m-3), situada nas proximidades de Fernando de Noronha; mas altas densidades também foram registradas nas estações 1 (82,7 ind.m-3) e 2 (74,7 ind.m-3), situadas em áreas mais distantes, bem como na estação 5 (80,7 ind.m-3) próxima do Atol das Rocas. Eutintinnus fraknoi (Daday) Kofoid & Campbell, 1929 foi a espécie mais abundante, atingindo 57,8 por cento de dominância na estação 4. O índice de diversidade específica variou de alto (27 por cento das amostras com valores maiores que 3 bits.ind-1) a médio (63 por cento das amostras com valores maiores que 2 bits.ind-1), enquanto a eqüitabilidade variou entre 0,6 e 1,0. As baixas densidades de Tintinnina observadas no material coletado confirmam a condição oligotrófica daquela região.


Tintinnina occurring near the Atol das Rocas Island and Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (northeastern Brazil) were studied using plankton samples gathered from 13 to 30 March, 1999, in 27 fixed oceanic stations. The study sought to characterize the spatial distribution of these ciliates in the area and to examine parameters such as diversity and equitability that define the community structure. The material was collected by vertical hauls from 200 m to the surface using a 20 µm mesh plankton net, preserved in 4 percent neutral formalin, and examined using an inverted microscope. The highest density of individuals was found in station 26 (122 ind.m-3), which is situated very close to Fernando de Noronha; but high densities were also registered in stations 1 (82.7 ind.m-3) and 2 (74.7 ind.m-3), which were situated in the most distant areas, as well as in station 5 (80.7 ind.m-3) close to the Atol das Rocas Island. Eutintinnus fraknoi (Daday) Kofoid & Campbell, 1929 was the most abundant species, attaining 57.8 percent of dominance in station 4. The index of specific diversity fluctuated from high (27 percent of the samples with values higher than 3 bits.ind-1) to medium (63 percent of the samples higher than 2 bits.ind-1), while the equitability fluctuated between 0.6 and 1.0. The low densities of Tintinnina observed in the material collected confirm the oligotrophic condition of that region.


Subject(s)
Biodiversity , Data Collection , Marine Fauna/analysis , Marine Fauna/classification , Ecosystem/analysis , Ecosystem/classification , Plankton/classification
12.
Biota neotrop. (Online, Ed. port.) ; 8(3): 141-149, jul.-set. 2008. graf, mapas, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-500494

ABSTRACT

O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar a composição da dieta e o comportamento alimentar de Malacoctenus delalandii, uma espécie carnívora, de hábitos diurnos, que habita tocas e frestas de ambientes rochosos de águas tropicais. Para avaliação da dieta, foram coletados 31 indivíduos utilizando puçás, na praia da Fortaleza, município de Ubatuba. A oferta alimentar foi analisada comparando-se o conteúdo estomacal dos indivíduos com dez amostras do fital da alga calcária Amphiroa beauvoisii, local de forrageio da espécie. Para descrever o comportamento alimentar de M. delalandii foram realizadas 44 sessões de observação usando técnicas ad libitum e animal focal. Os itens alimentares considerados constantes foram os crustáceos pertencentes à ordem Isopoda (75,8 por cento) e à subordem Gammaridea (86,2 por cento), confirmando o hábito alimentar carnívoro da espécie. Houve uma diferença significativa (G = 278,89, g.L. = 70, p < 0,01) entre a disponibilidade de itens no substrato e a ocorrência destes nos estômagos. Foram realizados 410 minutos (6,8 horas) de observações subaquáticas diretas e concluiu-se que os indivíduos utilizam a estratégia alimentar de especulação do substrato ("grubber excavation while moving"). A espécie apresentou uma taxa de forrageamento de 0,74 ± 0,164 mordicadas per minutes (média ± desvio padrão), evidenciando baixa atividade alimentar e hábito criptobêntico.


This work analyzed the diet composition and the feeding behavior of Malacoctenus delalandii, a carnivorous species, with diurnal habit, that lives in holes and crevices of rock areas in tropical waters. For diet evaluation, 31 individuals were collected during diving using hand nets, in the Fortaleza beach, Ubatuba. The feeding offer was analyzed comparing the stomach contents of the collected individuals with ten samples of the Amphiroa beauvoisii calcareous algal phytal, the species foraging site. To describe the feeding behavior of M. delalandii 44 observation sections were performed using ad libitum and focal animal methods. The food items considered constant were crustaceans belonging to the order Isopoda (75.8 percent) and the suborder Gammaridea (86.2 percent), confirming the species carnivorous feeding habit. There was a significant difference (G = 278.89, df=70, p < 0.01) between the availability of items in the substrate and the occurrence in the stomachs. A total of 410minutes (6.8 hours) of direct underwater observations were performed, and we concluded that the individuals use the grubber excavation while moving feeding strategy. The species presented a foraging rate of 0.74 ± 0.164 bites per minutes (average ± standard deviation), evidencing low feeding activity and cryptobenthic habit.


Subject(s)
Biodiversity , Classification , Data Collection , Feeding Behavior , Fishes , Marine Fauna/analysis , Ecosystem/analysis
13.
Biota neotrop. (Online, Ed. port.) ; 8(3): 152-173, jul.-set. 2008. graf, mapas, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-500495

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study is to compile the inventory of nearly 100 years of research about the phytoplankton species cited for the coast of the state of São Paulo, Brazil. A state-of-the-art study on the local biodiversity has long been needed to provide a baseline for future comparisons. This type of data is scattered in old scientific journals and in the so-called "grey literature", and are in need of nomenclature updating. Twenty-six publications are considered. The earliest sampling record is from 1913 (?) and the most recent from 2002. This checklist compiled from the literature was complemented with primary data collected between August 2004 and July 2006, recent surveys of the surf-zone of 20 beaches located along the coast and of a mariculture farm at the Cocanha Beach, Caraguatatuba. The complete species list includes 572 taxa: most are diatoms (82 percent), seconded by dinoflagellates (16 percent), with a minor contribution of silicoflagellates, coccolithophorids, ebriideans and cyanobacteria. The most investigated areas were: Ubatuba, São Sebastião, Santos and Cananéia. The recent surveys have a broader spatial coverage. The objectives of the studies have changed over the years from purely taxonomic to process-oriented investigations. Therefore, the longest species lists and most first records for the area were published before the 1980's and later publications, even those in which cell counts were performed, mention only the most abundant/frequent species. Electron microscopy was used for the first time in the present surveys, and new records include 38 diatoms, 42 dinoflagellates, 1 silicoflagellate, 1 ebriidean and 2 cyanobacteria. The use and interpretation of this species list require the perception of some constraints. It is not our role to question the identification made by other researchers. On the other hand, the ability to sample, analyze and identify species has evolved over the years and some considerations...


O objetivo deste estudo é compilar o inventário de quase 100 anos de pesquisa sobre a composição de espécies do fitoplâncton do litoral do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. O retrato atualizado da biodiversidade local é necessário para establecer um dignóstico para comparações futuras. Este tipo de informação encontra-se dispersa em antigas publicações e em material considerado como "literatura cinza" e requer atualização nomenclatural. Vinte e seis publicações foram consideradas neste estudo. O registro mais antigo é de 1913 (?) e o mais recente de 2002. Esta lista de espécies, compilada a partir de dados pretéritos, foi complementada com dados primários coletados entre agosto de 2004 e julho de 2006 nas zonas de arrebentação de 20 praias paulistas e em área de maricultura da praia da Cocanha em Caraguatatuba. A lista de espécies completa inclui 572 táxons: a maioria de diatomáceas (82 por cento), seguidas por dinoflagelados (16 por cento), com uma pequena contribuição de silicoflagelados, cocolitoforídeos, ebriideas e cianobactérias. As áreas mais estudadas foram: Ubatuba, São Sebastião, Santos e Cananéia. O levantamento atual tem uma cobertura espacial mais abrangente. Ao longo dos anos, os objetivos dos estudos pretéritos variaram desde puramente taxonômicos até investigações de aspectos funcionais do ecossistema. Desta forma, os inventários mais longos e a maioria dos primeiros registros foram publicados antes de 1980 e as publicações mais recentes fazem menção apenas a espécies mais abundantes/freqüentes. Microscopia eletrônica foi empregada pela primeira vez no levantamento atual e novos registros incluem 38 diatomáceas, 42 dinoflagelados, 1 silicoflagelado, 1 ebriidea e 2 cianobactérias. O uso e interpretação deste inventário exige cautela. Se por um lado, não é viável questionar a identificação feita por outros pesquisadores, por outro lado, a capacidade de amostrar, analisar e identificar espécies evoluiu ao longo do tempo. Algumas...


Subject(s)
Biodiversity , Cyanobacteria , Data Collection , Diatoms , Marine Fauna/analysis , Marine Fauna/classification , Phytoplankton
14.
Biota neotrop. (Online, Ed. port.) ; 8(3): 179-196, jul.-set. 2008. ilus, mapas, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-500497

ABSTRACT

Neste trabalho são registrados os equinodermos (exceto Holothuroidea) obtidos durante a execução do projeto "Marine Environmental Evaluation of the Todos os Santos Bay-MAREMBA" em julho/agosto de 1996 e durante o projeto "Geoecologia das comunidades bentônicas infralitorais da Baía de Todos os Santos (BTS), BA, Brasil: diversidade biótica e sedimentológica", (1997). Um total de 33 espécies pertencentes a 15 famílias foram registradas e re-descritas. A distribuição de Ophiactis brasiliensis Manso, 1988 e Amphiodia trychna H.L. Clark, 1918 é estendida para a região nordeste do Brasil. A classe Ophiuroidea foi dominante nas amostragens em termos de abundância e freqüência de ocorrência, em particular as espécies Amphiodia atra Stimpson, 1852, Amphipholis subtilis (Ljungman, 1867), Ophiactislymani Ljungman, 1871 e Ophiostigma isocanthum (Say, 1825). O asteróide Oreaster reticulatus (Linnaeus, 1758) é considerado vulnerável à exploração humana e foi escasso durante as coletas. Outras espécies encontradas na BTS, tais como os asteroides Luidia clathrata (Say, 1825) e L. senegalensis (Lamarck, 1816) e o equinóide Eucidaristribuloides (Lamarck, 1816) figuram na lista nacional de espécies de invertebrados aquáticos ameaçados de extinção.


We present the results of the studies on biodiversity of Echinodermata (except Holothuroidea) from the Projects "Marine Environmental Evaluation of the Todos os Santos Bay - MAREMBA" (July/August 1996) and "Geoecology of the Benthic Infralitoral Communities of Todos os Santos Bay (BTS), Bahia, Brazil" (1997). A total of 33 species from 15 families were registered and re-described. The distribution of Ophiactis brasiliensis Manso, 1988 and Amphiodia trychna H.L. Clark, 1918 is extended to northwestern Brazil. The class Ophiuroidea was dominant in samples in terms of abundance and frequency of occurrence, in particular Amphiodia atra Stimpson, 1852, Amphipholis subtilis (Ljungman, 1867), Ophiactislymani Ljungman, 1871and Ophiostigma isocanthum (Say, 1825). The asteroid Oreaster reticulatus (Linnaeus, 1758) is considered vulnerable to human exploration and was scarce during the surveys. Other species found at BTS, such the asteroids Luidia clathrata (Say, 1825) and L. senegalensis (Lamarck, 1816) and the echinoid Eucidaristribuloides (Lamarck, 1816)are included in the national list of threatened invertebrate species.


Subject(s)
Classification , Echinodermata , Ecosystem , Benthic Fauna/analysis , Benthic Fauna/classification , Marine Fauna/analysis , Marine Fauna/classification
15.
Biota neotrop. (Online, Ed. port.) ; 8(3): 99-0, jul.-set. 2008. ilus, mapas, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-500505

ABSTRACT

Thalia cicar van Soest 1973 (Urochordata, Thaliacea) is considered a tropical-subtropical species, registered in the Atlantic Ocean at latitudes between 7-34º S and 6-32º N. This work enlarges the occurrence of this species for Equatorial Atlantic waters. The specimens were found in a shelf break area of the Brazilian northeastern (07º 50'-07º 70' S and 34º 23' W) during the expedition JOPS-II (Joint Oceanographic Projects II) in March 1995; and, in São Pedro e São Paulo arquipelago (0º 55' N and 29º 20' W) in May and June, 2005. These two areas are characterized by the presence of local upwelling that induces the ascent of bottom waters rich in nutrients, generating areas of larger productivity than the typically oligotrophic Equatorial Atlantic waters. The new occurrence of Thalia cicar reported in this work can be related to these more productive waters of Equatorial Atlantic. The species that is most commonly found in the Atlantic Ocean is T. democratica, and the lack of past records of T. cicar might have been caused by the taxonomic difficulties determining of the solitary and aggregate zooids of these two species. This work suggests the potential use of the ratios among tunic lengths as an additional character to differentiate T. cicar and T. democratica oozooids.


Thalia cicar van Soest 1973 (Urochordata, Thaliacea) é considerada uma espécie tropical-subtropical, registrada no oceano Atlântico desde 7 a 34º S e 6 a 32ºN. Este trabalho amplia a ocorrência desta espécie para águas do Atlântico equatorial. Os espécimes foram encontrados na plataforma continental do Nordeste brasileiro (07º 50'-07º 70' S e 34º 23' W) durante a expedição JOPS-II (Joint Oceanographic Projects II) em março de 1995 e no arquipélago de São Pedro e São Paulo (0º 55' N e 29º 20' W) em maio e junho de 2005. Essas duas áreas se caracterizam pela presença de ressurgências locais que induzem a ascensão de nutrientes, gerando locais de alta produtividade, nas águas tipicamente oligotróficas do Atlântico equatorial. O registro de Thalia cicar nesses dois locais pode estar relacionado com essas águas de maior produtividade no Nordeste brasileiro. A espécie de Thalia comumente encontrada no oceano Atlântico é T. democratica e a ausência de registros passados de T. cicar pode decorrer das dificuldades taxonômicas em diferenciar os zoóides solitários e agregados dessas duas espécies. Este trabalho sugere a utilização da proporção entre os comprimentos das projeções da túnica como um caráter adicional para diferenciar os oozoóides destas duas espécies.


Subject(s)
Classification , Marine Fauna/analysis , Marine Fauna/classification , Ecosystem/analysis , Ecosystem/classification , Urochordata/classification , Urochordata/growth & development
16.
Rev. cient. (Maracaibo) ; 18(4): 351-357, jul.-ago. 2008. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-548623

ABSTRACT

Las tortugas marinas han sido ampliamente investigadas y documentadas en las últimas décadas. La bioquímica sanguínea representa una valiosa herramienta diagnóstica para el monitoreo del estado de salud de la fauna silvestre El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar los valores bioquímicos en la sangre de la tortuga verde (Chelonia mydas) presente en la Alta Guajira, Venezuela. La extracción de las muestras sanguíneas se realizó de los senos cervicales dorsales en 28 ejemplares de tortugas verdes capturadas en redes y posteriormente liberadas. Fueron medidos el largo curvo del caparazón (LCC) y ancho curvo del caparazón (ACC) con una cinta métrica flexible. Se determinaron los valores bioquímicos de la sangre: proteínas totales, albúmina, fosfatasa alcalina, urea, creatinina, ácido úrico, colesterol, triglicéridos, glucosa y fósforo por colorimetría, utilizando kits comerciales; los minerales (calcio, hierro, magnesio, zinc) se determinaron por espectrofotometría de absorción y emisión (sodio, potasio). Los valores promedio fueron: 4,37 g/dL proteínas totales, 1,50 g/dL albúmina, 119,63 U/L fosfatasa alcalina, 27,60 mg/dL urea, 0,17 mg/dL creatinina, 3,36 mg/dL ácido úrico, 180,77 mg/dL colesterol, 32,24 mg/dL triglicéridos, 130,07 mg/dL glucosa, 5,20 mg/dL fósforo, 7,94 mg/dL calcio, 44,02 µg/dL hierro, 196,68 meq/L sodio, 4,75 meq/L potasio, 4,99 mg/dL magnesio y 2,11 mg/L zinc. Estos resultados se encuentran dentro de los intervalos de referencia documentados para la especie, a excepción de la fosfatasa alcalina, triglicéridos, colesterol y la urea, los cuales presentaron las mayores variaciones.


Sea turtles have been widely investigated and reviewed over the last decades. Blood biochemistry represents a valuable diagnostic tool for monitoring the health condition of wildlife. The aim of this study was to determine the blood biochemistry values of green turtles (Chelonia mydas) present in the Alta Guajira, Venezuela. Blood samples were collected of the dorsal cervical sinuses from 28 green turtles captured in gill nets. The turtles were released later. The curved carapace length (CCL) and curved carapace width (CCW) were measured with a flexible measuring tape. The following values were established using commercial kits: total proteins, albumin, alkaline phosphatase, urea, creatinine, uric acid, cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, and phosphorus by colorimetry; the minerals were determined by emission (sodium, potassium) and absorption spectrometry (calcium, iron, magnesium, zinc). The mean values obtained were: total proteins (4.37 g/dL), albumin (1.50 g/dL), alkaline phosphatase (119.63 U/L), urea (27.60 mg/dL), creatinine (0.17 mg/dL), uric acid (3.36 mg/dL), cholesterol (180.77 mg/dL), triglycerids (32.24 mg/dL), glucose (130.07 mg/dL), phosphorus (5.20 mg/dL), calcium (7.94 mg/dL), iron (44.02 µg/dL), sodium (196.68 meq/L), potassium (4.75 meq/L), magnesium (4.99 mg/dL) and zinc (2.11 mg/L). These results fall within the reference intervals documented in this species, except for the alkaline phosphatase, triglycerides, cholesterol, and urea, which showed the largest variations.


Subject(s)
Animals , Blood Chemical Analysis/veterinary , Biochemistry/methods , Marine Fauna/analysis , Turtles/blood , Veterinary Medicine
17.
Biota neotrop. (Online, Ed. port.) ; 8(2)Apr.-June 2008. ilus, graf, mapas, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-489029

ABSTRACT

This paper describes a case study of the changes in fishing that occurred in a Brazilian coastal community after a 10 year interval (1992-2002). There was a decrease in the mean amount of fish caught daily (from 14 kg to 11.32 kg) and annually (from 4.2 t to 3.4 t) and in the richness of species caught (from 21 to 17 species); there was also a low similarity in the species composition of the fish landings (Morisita-Horn index Ch = 0.24). These changes suggested a decline in the locally exploited fish populations, which probably caused the discontinuation of commercial artisanal fishing. However, the diversity of fish caught by hook and line and purse-seine fishing was higher in the second period, whereas there was no significant difference in the diversity of fish caught using gillnets. Despite these changes, the CPUE showed no significant alteration and non-intensive fishing is still practiced by a few (6-35) people in the community. Co-management alternatives (fishing regulations, oysterfarms, ecotourism, etc.) are suggested and may be applicable to other coastal communities after appropriate adaptation for each location.


O uso de recursos por comunidades humanas tem influência direta na conservação da biodiversidade, na medida em que a forma como ele é executada pode implicar em conservação ou sobre-uso dos recursos. Este artigo descreve um estudo de caso sobre as mudanças ocorridas na pesca em uma comunidade da costa brasileira ao longo de 10 anos (1992-2002). Houve um decréscimo das quantidades médias capturadas diariamente (de 14 kg para 11.32 kg) e anualmente (de 4.2 t para 3.4 t) e também na riqueza de espécies (de 21 para 17 espécies). Além disso, a similaridade da composição de espécies presentes nos desembarques pesqueiros entre os dois períodos foi baixa. (Índice de Morisita-Horn Ch = 0.24). Estas mudanças sugerem um declínio das populações de peixes exploradas localmente, o que provavelmente causou o fim da pesca artesanal comercial. No entanto, a diversidade de espécies capturadas com caniço e com o cerco com redes foi maior no segundo período, enquanto não houve diferença significativa na diversidade de peixes capturada com redes de espera. Apesar destas mudanças, não houve alteração significativa na CPUE e a pesca não intensiva é ainda praticada por alguns membros da comunidade (6-35). Algumas medidas de co-manejo, baseadas no que já é de certa forma realizado pela comunidade (controle da pesca, cultivo de ostras, ecoturismo, etc.), são propostas e podem ser aplicadas a outras comunidades costeiras após serem apropriadamente adaptadas às características locais, objetivando a manutenção do uso continuado dos recursos, mas de forma racional.


Subject(s)
Biodiversity , Natural Resources Exploitation/ethics , Marine Fauna/analysis , Marine Fauna/classification , Fisheries/classification , Fisheries/ethics , Local Resources Uses/ethics
18.
Biota neotrop. (Online, Ed. port.) ; 8(2)Apr.-June 2008. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-489033

ABSTRACT

The diatom Palmerina hardmaniana (Greville) Hasle presents a wide geographical distribution in neritic tropical and subtropical regions. In the present work we analyzed plankton samples collected monthly between 1995 and 2007 at the surf zone of Cassino Beach, RS (32º 12' S and 52º 10' W), and in winter 2005 and summer 2007 at the continental shelf and slope in southern Brazil, Santa Marta Grande Cape, SC and Albardão-Chuí, RS regions (28º 23'-33º 07' S and 48º 41'-52º 26' W). We present the detailed morphological description of P. hardmaniana, and the first study including electron scanning microscope observations for material from the southwestern Atlantic Ocean. The morphometric data confirm the identity of the species in all its ultra-structural details. Palmerina hardmaniana was only observed in summer-autumn months with low cell density (< 500 cells.L-1) at both Cassino Beach surf zone and coastal shelf stations. The warm water temperature (18-29 ºC) indicates the most probable origin of its inoculum are tropical/subtropical regions. Salinities of 23-36 and the relatively high silicate content indicate the importance of the terrestrial discharge during occasions when P. hardmaniana was observed, probably with influence on the nutrient availability. We emphasize that the species was not cited previously for Argentinean and Uruguayan waters and suggest that the southern Brazilian region is close to the southern geographical distribution limit of Palmerina hardmaniana in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean.


A diatomácea Palmerina hardmaniana (Greville) Hasle apresenta ampla distribuição geográfica em águas neríticas tropicais e subtropicais. No presente trabalho foram analisadas amostras de plâncton, coletadas mensalmente entre 1995 e 2007 na zona de rebentação da Praia do Cassino, RS (32º 12' S e 52º 10' W), e no inverno de 2005 e verão de 2007 na plataforma continental e talude do sul do Brasil, na região de Cabo de Santa Marta Grande, SC e Albardão-Chuí, RS (28º 23'-33º 07' S e 48º 41'-52º 26' W). Apresentamos a descrição detalhada de P. hardmaniana, como primeiro estudo com observações de microscopia eletrônica de varredura para material coletado em águas do Oceano Atlântico Sul Ocidental. Os dados morfológicos analisados confirmam a identificação da espécie em todos os seus detalhes estruturais. Palmerina hardmaniana somente foi observada nos meses de verão/outono, em baixa densidade (< 500 células.L-1) na zona de arrebentação da Praia do Cassino bem como em estações costeiras da plataforma continental. A temperatura quente da água (18-29 ºC), indica as águas tropicais/subtropicais como possível origem do inóculo de P. hardmaniana no verão-outono. A salinidade entre 23 e 36 e o teor relativamente alto de sílica também indicam a importância da descarga terrestre nas ocasiões de presença de P. hardmaniana, exercendo importante papel no suprimento de nutrientes. Salienta-se que a espécie não é citada em águas argentinas e uruguaias e assim, sugerimos que o extremo sul do Brasil representa aproximadamente o limite sul da distribuição geográfica de Palmerina hardmaniana no Oceano Atlântico Sul Ocidental.


Subject(s)
Diatoms , Ecosystem , Eukaryota/cytology , Eukaryota/classification , Marine Fauna/analysis , Marine Fauna/classification , Plankton
19.
Biota neotrop. (Online, Ed. port.) ; 8(2)Apr.-June 2008. ilus, mapas, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-489040

ABSTRACT

Este estudo retrata a fauna de equinodermos encontrada na Praia do Cabo Branco, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil. Esta praia é formada por um terraço de abrasão marinha do tipo arenito-ferruginoso e está localizada no ponto mais oriental das Américas. Foram identificadas 32 espécies de equinodermos pertencentes a quatro classes (Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea, Echinoidea e Holothuroidea), distribuídas em 18 famílias e 24 gêneros. O número de táxons identificados corresponde a 9,7 por cento das espécies registradas para o litoral Brasileiro e mostra a significativa diversidade das espécies de Echinodermata encontrada nesta área. A classe Ophiuroidea foi a mais diversa com 13 espécies, seguida por Holothuroidea (10 spp.), Asteroidea (5 spp.) e Echinoidea (4 spp). Do total de espécies registradas, as seguintes são novas ocorrências para o litoral do Estado da Paraíba: Ophiocnida scabriuscula, Ophiomyxa flaccida, Ophiactis lymani, Ophionereis reticulata, Ophioderma januarii, Ophiophragmus brachyatis, Thyone cognita, T. suspecta, Ocnus suspectus, Phyllophorus occidentalis, P. communis, Lissothuria sp. Holothuria grisea, H. arenicola, Chiridota rotifera, Synaptula hydriformis, Echinaster nudus, Linckia guildingii, Lytechinus variegatus, Mellita quinquiesperforata e Leodia sexiesperforata.


The present study examined the fauna of echinoderms at Cabo Branco Beach, João Pessoa, state of Paraíba, Brazil. The beach was formed by the erosion of a sandstone terrace. Thirty two species from four echinoderm classes (Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea, Echinoidea and Holothuroidea) distributed among 18 families and 24 genera were identified. The number of identified taxons corresponds to 9.7 percent of the total number of species registered for the entire Brazilian coast, and demonstrates the significant diversity of echinoderm species in this area. Class Ophiuroidea was the most diverse, with 13 species, followed by Holothuroidea (10 spp.), Asteroidea (5 spp.) and Echinoidea (4 spp.). Among the recorded species, the following were new occurrences for the state of Paraíba: Ophiocnida scabriuscula, Ophiomyxa flaccida, Ophiactis lymani, Ophionereis reticulata, Ophioderma januarii, Ophiophragmus brachyatis, Thyone cognita, T. suspecta, Ocnus suspectus, Phyllophorus occidentalis, P. communis, Lissothuria sp., Holothuria grisea, Holothuria arenicola, Chiridota rotifera, Synaptula hydriformis, Echinaster nudus, Linckia guildingii, Lytechinus variegatus, Mellita quinquiesperforata and Leodia sexiesperforata.


Subject(s)
Biodiversity , Classification , Echinodermata/anatomy & histology , Echinodermata/classification , Marine Fauna/analysis , Marine Fauna/classification , Ecosystem/analysis
20.
Biota neotrop. (Online, Ed. port.) ; 8(2)Apr.-June 2008. mapas, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-489046

ABSTRACT

During a series of zooplankton surveys carried out during 1984, off the south coast of the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, several species of monstrilloids were present in the samples. A total of 50 individuals of monstrilloid copepods were collected. These belong to four species (Monstrilla brasiliensis Suárez-Morales & Dias, Cymbasoma cf. longispinosum, Cymbasoma cf. rigidum, and Cymbasoma gracilis Gurney). The taxonomic complexes formed by the species C. cf. longispinosum and C. cf. rigidum in Brazilian waters are discussed. The lengths of the specimens are provided in order to contribute to studies and revisions of the specimens belonging to these species-complexes. The species Monstrilla brasiliensis is recorded for the first time in the Rio Grande do Norte coastal region, thus expanding its geographical range in the Brazilian northeastern coast. The results presented herein increase to four the number of species of Monstrilloida known from off Rio Grande do Norte state.


Durante uma série de amostragens de zooplâncton, realizadas durante o ano de 1984, na costa sul do estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil, um total de 50 exemplares de copépodes Monstrilloida foram coletados. Os exemplares pertencem a quatro espécies (Monstrilla brasiliensis Suárez-Morales & Dias, Cymbasoma cf. longispinosum, Cymbasoma cf. rigidum and Cymbasoma gracilis Gurney). Os complexos taxonômicos formados pelas espécies C. cf. longispinosum e C. cf. rigidum em águas brasileiras são discutidos. Os comprimentos totais dos exemplares são fornecidos com a finalidade de contribuir com futuros estudos e revisões dos espécimes pertencentes a estes complexos de espécies. A espécie Monstrilla brasiliensis foi coletada pela primeira vez na região costeira do estado do Rio Grande do Norte, expandindo a sua distribuição geográfica na costa nordeste brasileira. Os resultados apresentados aumentam a quatro o número de espécies de Monstrilloida conhecidas para a costa do estado do Rio Grande do Norte.


Subject(s)
Copepoda/classification , Crustacea/classification , Marine Fauna/analysis , Marine Fauna/classification , Ecosystem/analysis , Ecosystem/classification , Invertebrates/classification
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